Finale comes with different documents which have been created to use. I would think that under "worksheets" you could find blank music manuscript paper with no time or key signature. I don't know what you mean by "variable measures" but I'm sure you could do that too. The file that I looked at only had a single measure in each system. You can leave it like that or move these measures around to give you the layout you need.

I've tried using a 10 stave worksheet.  I enter a whole note and then finale will not allow the next whole note entry.  I presume that finale expects a bar line, as a whole note designates a measure in traditional parlance.  My project requires whole notes with no time signature and variable measures.  A variable measure example would be:  an 8 whole note measure followed by a 3 whole note measure and so forth - variable.  At this point I'm not sure that finale can be used for my music theory project.  Any help would be appreciated.

Look at the plugins JW Meter and Rhythm, and JW Conceal Barlines.

Finale can do all of this, but can you? You need to enter the correct time signature in each measure and then hide the time signature. For example, 8 whole notes in a measure needs a meter of 32/4.

Or, 8/1 for the first measure, and 3/1 for the second.